地面塌陷成因
Ground collapse
发布时间: 2020-06-29 11:04:56
Add Time: 2020-06-29 11:04:56
(1)破坏城镇建筑设施，危害人民生命财产。如1981年发生在美国佛罗里达州Winter Park巨型塌陷．直径达106m．深30m，使街道、公用设施和娱乐场所遭受严重毁坏，损失超过400万美元。我国安徽省铜陵市小街区人口密集，由于铜官山铜矿长期疏干排水，为该区喀斯特溶洞的潜蚀和掏空创造了条件。公路、铁路交通中断，多种管线被拉断扭曲．经济损失严重。
(2)影响交通和安全运输。据统计，我围交通隧洞和路基坍塌事件已有上百起．造成火车颠覆2次。山东泰安岩溶塌陷造成京沪铁路一度中断、长期减速慢行。位于云南省境内的贵昆铁路沿线自1 965年建成通车以来，西段陆续发现岩溶地面塌陷。至1987年已发现塌陷117处。1976年7月7日在K606+475路段发生塌陷，蝴坑长1 5m、宽6m、深5m．中断行车61小时40分；1979年9月1日在K534路段发生塌陷．陷坑长6m、宽2．5m、深3m，造成2502次列车颠覆，断道14小时25分。仅这两次塌陷造成的直接经济损失达3000万元。
(3)影响对自然资源的开发利用，包括埘地表水、岩溶地下水和矿产资源的开发利用。如湖北大门铁矿．1978年平巷突水引起柯家沟河谷地面塌陷，m现70多个陷坑．河水因大量漏人地下而断流，岸边有4000m建筑物被毁，矿山专用铁路和高压输电线遭受破坏，造成近百万元的经济损失。
(4)引起水库渗漏，影响水库正常运作。如广西大新县的兴安水库．因溶洞塌陷而连成排水通道，将库水在短期内排空。
(2)影响交通和安全运输。据统计，我围交通隧洞和路基坍塌事件已有上百起．造成火车颠覆2次。山东泰安岩溶塌陷造成京沪铁路一度中断、长期减速慢行。位于云南省境内的贵昆铁路沿线自1 965年建成通车以来，西段陆续发现岩溶地面塌陷。至1987年已发现塌陷117处。1976年7月7日在K606+475路段发生塌陷，蝴坑长1 5m、宽6m、深5m．中断行车61小时40分；1979年9月1日在K534路段发生塌陷．陷坑长6m、宽2．5m、深3m，造成2502次列车颠覆，断道14小时25分。仅这两次塌陷造成的直接经济损失达3000万元。
(3)影响对自然资源的开发利用，包括埘地表水、岩溶地下水和矿产资源的开发利用。如湖北大门铁矿．1978年平巷突水引起柯家沟河谷地面塌陷，m现70多个陷坑．河水因大量漏人地下而断流，岸边有4000m建筑物被毁，矿山专用铁路和高压输电线遭受破坏，造成近百万元的经济损失。
(4)引起水库渗漏，影响水库正常运作。如广西大新县的兴安水库．因溶洞塌陷而连成排水通道，将库水在短期内排空。
(1) Destroy urban construction facilities and endanger people's lives and property. For example, in 1981, a huge collapse occurred in Winter Park, Florida, USA, with a diameter of 106m and a depth of 30m, causing serious damage to streets, public facilities and entertainment places, with a loss of more than 4 million US dollars. Small blocks in Tongling City, Anhui Province, China are densely populated. Due to the long-term drainage of Tongguanshan Copper Mine, it creates conditions for the potential erosion and hollowing of karst caves in the area. Road and railway traffic is interrupted, many pipelines are pulled and twisted, and economic losses are serious.
(2) Affect traffic and safe transportation. According to statistics, there have been hundreds of collapses of traffic tunnels and Subgrade in our area, causing two times of train overturning. The collapse of Taian karst in Shandong Province caused the interruption of Beijing Shanghai railway for a long time and slow down. Since the Guiyang Kunming Railway in Yunnan Province was completed and opened to traffic in 1965, karst ground collapse has been found in the west section. By 1987, 117 collapses had been found. On July 7, 1976, the collapse occurred in K606 + 475 road section, the length of Phalaenopsis pit was 15 m, the width was 6 m and the depth was 5 m, and the train was stopped for 61 hours and 40 minutes; on September 1, 1979, the collapse occurred in k534 road section, the length of the pit was 6 m, the width was 2.5 m and the depth was 3 m, causing 2502 train overturns, and the road was broken for 14 hours and 25 minutes. Only these two collapses caused direct economic losses of 30 million yuan.
(3) Affect the development and utilization of natural resources, including the development and utilization of surface water, karst groundwater and mineral resources. For example, in 1978, the water inrush from the laneway in Damen iron mine of Hubei Province caused the ground collapse in the valley of kejiagou, and there are more than 70 sinkholes in the river. The river water was cut off due to a large number of leakage into the ground. There were 4000m buildings on the bank were destroyed, and the special railway and high-voltage transmission line for the mine were damaged, resulting in nearly a million yuan of economic losses.
(4) It causes reservoir leakage and affects the normal operation of the reservoir. For example, Xing'an reservoir in Daxin County, Guangxi, is connected with a drainage channel due to cave collapse, which empties the reservoir water in a short time.
(2) Affect traffic and safe transportation. According to statistics, there have been hundreds of collapses of traffic tunnels and Subgrade in our area, causing two times of train overturning. The collapse of Taian karst in Shandong Province caused the interruption of Beijing Shanghai railway for a long time and slow down. Since the Guiyang Kunming Railway in Yunnan Province was completed and opened to traffic in 1965, karst ground collapse has been found in the west section. By 1987, 117 collapses had been found. On July 7, 1976, the collapse occurred in K606 + 475 road section, the length of Phalaenopsis pit was 15 m, the width was 6 m and the depth was 5 m, and the train was stopped for 61 hours and 40 minutes; on September 1, 1979, the collapse occurred in k534 road section, the length of the pit was 6 m, the width was 2.5 m and the depth was 3 m, causing 2502 train overturns, and the road was broken for 14 hours and 25 minutes. Only these two collapses caused direct economic losses of 30 million yuan.
(3) Affect the development and utilization of natural resources, including the development and utilization of surface water, karst groundwater and mineral resources. For example, in 1978, the water inrush from the laneway in Damen iron mine of Hubei Province caused the ground collapse in the valley of kejiagou, and there are more than 70 sinkholes in the river. The river water was cut off due to a large number of leakage into the ground. There were 4000m buildings on the bank were destroyed, and the special railway and high-voltage transmission line for the mine were damaged, resulting in nearly a million yuan of economic losses.
(4) It causes reservoir leakage and affects the normal operation of the reservoir. For example, Xing'an reservoir in Daxin County, Guangxi, is connected with a drainage channel due to cave collapse, which empties the reservoir water in a short time.
